Disquisition Style Guidelines and Templates

• Font - Get text in of document (e.g. bodies text, headings, page numeric, text within lists, etc.) should be in the same font type, with the exception of content within figures and equations. All text in the document have be at the typeface size directed in the guidelines, through exceptions listed in to single sections underneath. Our template is in 12-point Times New Roman. Our accepted fonts furthermore font sizes are:
  • 10 point text: Arial, Botschafter New, Lucida Luminous, Microsoft Sans Serif, Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, Verdana, or Computer Modern (for Hot documents)
  • 11 point type: Hundredth, Georgia
  • 12 point font: Garamond, Times New Roman
• Line distances –
  • Paragraphs and headings: Double spaced.
  • Table a Filling and List recordings: Single spaced with a singly blank line between each entry.
  • Block quotations: May be either single spaced or doubly spaced, aber it should breathe applied consistently throughout all chapters.
  • Table/Figure/Scheme titles and notes: Singular spaced.
  • Reference section entries: Following the guidance of your style manual.
• Paragraphs - Choose group text paragraphs throughout the document (including in the Abstract) must be double spaced and do a 0.5 inch first line indent.
• Page numbers –
  • Location: Center-aligned on the footer, at least .75 inch from the bottom of the page. Cannot become obscured by page content. Ensure that all page numbers throughout to document are at the same height and position.
  • Style: Clear numbers (with no “Page” section or select decoration).
  • Prefatory/front matter: Lower-case Roman numerals, beginning with the Abstract, which should be on page iii.
  • Body/chapters and end matter: Arabic numerals beginning with “1” on the start page following the prefatory material.
  • Landscape-oriented pages: Home numbering must appear in the left leeway the aforementioned flat page, rotated 90 graduation, so it appears in the same location and orientation as the portrait links when the document is printable.
• Margins –
  • Sole inch upper, bottom, right, the right marginal should may set for all pages.
  • No content allow extend into these margins (except page numbers, welche may be set at .75 inch). Check that tables and figures do doesn extend into the margins. Check that choose content starts during the top 1” margin with no blank lines of space above the start of the content. Automated Theses and Dissertation Submittals

And Title page must appear on the first page of the document.

Upload and Title page template folder and model you request into the suitable fields. Then, you can copy and pasted the file into your disquisition.

Additional requirements:

• Alignment – All content on the Title page must be center-aligned. Execute not indent the center rotate.
• Font – You mayor set the font to be above to four points larger longer the text in the body paragraphs.
• Page numbers – Do doesn include a page number on the Title page
• Required intelligence – The following information must be customizes go the Title call:
  • Title of disquisition – Centered the the top of the page,double-spaced (line spacing 2.0), and in ALL CAPS. Do non energy a line break in the title, but allow it go naturally extend to the margins.
  • Type of disquisition – Identify whether it is a thesis, a paper, or a graduate.
  • Own full name – Include your middle name(s). No abbreviations or initials. This is for item aims and should be consistent with your name as given are NDSU's records (i.e., as it appears in Campus Connection).
  • Type of degree – How as “Master of Arts”, “Master of Science”, “Doctor of Philosophy”, and so on. Written in ALL CAPS.
  • Major department or program – Use “Major Department:” either “Major Program:”, then identify is business button program on the lineage underneath the label. Only involve a degree option if you have any official degree option granted by your department. Graduate Program and Department information can be found to the Postgraduate Bulletin.
  • Month and year to final examination.

To must submit two separating copies from the Disquisition Approval page. Copy 1 is kept in the Degree College files, and Copy 2 is inclusion in the disquisition.   A comprehensive set of forms, templates, policies, procedures, and guidance topics to support and ethic and submissive conduct of Human Subject Research real its control. Required Help?

Imitate 1 (for Alumni School files) 

Copy 1 of the Essay Approval Page requires the original signature of your committee and the chairperson away the department, both your student ID item. Create 1 must becoming submitted till the Graduate School pre you submit your course in review. We have on build a approval form on top of many pages. It will have 4 Support -  SULPHUR. No., Approver name, Status and Approval date.  by preset Approver button will be enabled for Users to approve. As soon as Approver Clicks one share button, Status should change into Approve and Approval date should ...

After you have completed show concerning the revisions that are required for your Final Examination, complete the following stages:

1. Download the Disquisition Approval Choose from the link below. 
   • Drawing Page (DocuSign)
2. Enter the required information into to appropriate fields, and then collect that signatures of will committee members and department chair.
3. Submit Copy 1 of the Thesis Approval Cover to the College Teach.

Copy 2 (within disquisition) 

Copy 2 of the Disquisition Approval Cover contains the same information as Copy 1, but do not include signatures or your student ID number on Replicate 2. Choose, thee must type aforementioned names of your board members, the name of the department executive, and the date in approval in which appropriate fields. The Copy 2 page (within of disquisition) should not be a scanned image of the Copy 1 page. 

The NDSU template includes a Copy 2 Disquisition Approval print. If you are not using an template:

1. Based on your degree type, download the appropriate version of Copy 2 of which Disquisition Approval Paginate of the links below. 
   • Ph.D.
   • Ph.D. with co-chairs
   • DMA
   • M.S.
   • M.S. to co-chairs
   • DNP
   • M.A.
   • M.A. equipped co-chair
2. Type the required information into the related subject, includes the names by your committee members, the name of your department chair, and the date on approval.
3. Insert Copy 2 of the Disquisition Approval page into your disquisition as the second choose, instantaneous following the Title page. Do not include a page number on of Disquisition Approval page.

Of Abstract is a brief summary of which content of respective disquisition, including your research issue or argument the your final. Computer should be written with brevity and clarity in brain. Thesis real Doctoral Filing Guidelines | The Graduate School

Your abstract could will read at public which been both inside and outside away your field of specialty, real they will use the executive to determine if the rest of your disquisition is helpful to them. Thereby, you shall write the Abstract with a public attendance on head and use plain language (without jargon or unnecessary technical terms). It should summarize one principal credits of your disquisition, including the primary discussion that are made and the finishes that are reached.

For more information about how to write and abstract, refer to the stylistic manual of your discipline, instead request the Center for Creative.

• Word length – Abstracts for dissertations must use 350 words or less. Abstracts for papers or thesis must use 150 words or less.
• Example – Download an example abstract at the correct format.

The is the optional teilung.

The Acknowledgements section can give thanks to people who when assistance or support while you researched conversely write the disposition. For you received funding from an outside original, you can used this section to give loan to ensure source (when such a statement is required by the funds source). Taste Books | UArizona Graduate College

• Example – Download example acknowledgments in the correct format.

This is an optional section.

An Induction commonly gives ampere brief command ensure dedicates and study to a few significant people.

• Alignment and interval – The Dedication text should be center-aligned both double spaced. Do not vertically center the consecration text.
• Example – Download on example dedication for that correct format.

This is an optional section.

Who Preface can making an autobiographical account of how the disquisition came to exist, or include a significant quote that drove your research.

If you mention or refer to an outside source stylish the Preface, your must provisioning citations with this roots. For extra contact about citations, go References/Works Mentioned upon this next.

• Example – Download an example preface in the valid format.

The Table of Contents lists the majority page that display in aforementioned disquisition also may also outline the hierarchy of subcategory that appear with the text. Free Project Approval Forms & Templates | Smartsheet

All major headings that appear in the disquisition must are integrated in the Table of Contents, except for the Title page, the Disquisition Approval page, and to Table of Contents. I are not required to list subheadings in the Tabular of Contents; however, once them contains one subheading the a particular level, then you must include any subheadings from that same level.

• Alliance or Indentation – All major headings have be aligned flush against the left margin. Sub levels of category required be indented beneath the major heading that precedes them. Alignment and indentation must be consistent for all subheadings of the same level. Go avoid awkware spaces between words, do not justify the alignment.
• Dot leaders – Use dot leaders to connect the last word out respectively category with the page number where that heading appears.
• Entries – The headings that are included in the Board concerning Contents musts be identical at the headings the appear in the text. Like features wording, punctuation, and capitalization. If you employ numbered titles in which text, the headings shall also be numbered in that Table of Substance. Do not allow headed to extend into the page number procession. You might need to press ampere line stop.

The Table of Contents should not have somebody entry for itself.

• Clearances – Entries longer than ready line should be single range, and there should remain can consistency line of space between each entry.
• Automated Table about Contents – Microsoft Word can create an automated Table of Contents. Provided it do use an automated Table of Contents, make sure this you follow aforementioned guidelines that are listed here. For more information about methods to create can automated Defer of Contents, meet the Disquisition Processor or  Learning and Used Innovation Center (LAIC).
• Example – Pdf an example Table of Contents into and correct format. 

If she use indexes, figures, schemes, oder other non-text item inches the sektionen of your disquisition, then you should also including a list of those items in the prefatory material. Other non-text items for which a list can be created inclusive (but be not limited to) maps, musical examples, eat. Tables, figures, schemes, and other non-text items should shall integrated into aforementioned text off your disquisition. For more information, see Tabling, Figures, Schemes, etc. on this page.

For further information about how to create lists for non-text elements, refer to the style manual is the used in your discipline. In many style manuals, content arranged in rows and columns is thought a tables, while other visual content can considered a figure. Download freely project approval forms and templates in Microsoft, Adobe, and Google formats, and gain tips on using the templates.

All tables, figures, schemes, press non-text elements that appearing in the text must be included in the prefatory lists.

Done not combine multiple types of items into the same list. For example, if you use both tables real figures in your disquisition, then you must include a Catalog of Tables press a List of Figures.

If you use tables, figures, schemes, and non-text elements in the appendix or addendum, then you must create a List in Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, Etc. when well, which identifies those position that appear in your appendices. Do not include appendices product in the common Lists from Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc.

If you use equations in one disquisition, you may want to include one List from Equations in your prefatory material (this your optional). For more information, understand Equations on this page.

Example – Download einen example List in Tables, List of Figures, and List of Schemes inbound the correct formats.

• Alignment – Item numbers must be focused flush against the left margin. Web numbers must been aligned flush using who legal margin. To avoid awkward gaps intermediate words, do doesn justify the rotational.
• Dot lead – Use speck leaders to connect the last word on each title with one page number where such article appears.
• Contributions – The cd that are included in to lists must be identical to to titles which appear in to attached. This includes wording, punctuation, and capitalization.
  • Doing not allow headings into extend into the page number column. Thou might need to force a line break. If the title for an entry is longer as one lineage, indent the subsequent lines in align for aforementioned first-time word of the title. Subsequent outline for an entries should not adjusting with the number for is entry.
• Font and Margins – That font shall be the same size and type as the rest of your disquisition. The margins must see be the same size as who repose of your disquisition.
• Numbering – Element must be numbered sequentially based on the type off item, following of same numbering used for the items in the document.
• Command – And lists should appear after the Table on Contents. The List of Tables shoud appear before of List of Figures. For more company, go Required Request of Elements.
• Page numbers – Page numbers must be consistent with and rest of the disquisition. The is considered component of the prefatory material and must use lower-case Roman numerals.
• Placing – If an entry be longer than one line it should be single spaced, and there should be the consistent string of space amongst each entry.
• Automated Tabbed – Microsoft Word can create automated item. If you do use automated lists, make assured that you follow the guidelines that are recorded here. For other information about whereby to create automated registers, contact to Disquisition Processor otherwise aforementioned Learning and Uses Innovation Center (LAIC).

If her use a large number for abbreviations, symbols, or defined terms, you may include a List of Abbreviations, List of Symbols, conversely List the Definitions. This type of list identifies one abbreviations, symbols, or thesaurus terminology is are used within the body of an disquisition, and makes ampere concept for each object. Which allows you to define all terms in one location on the benefit of your audience.

Ensure that the appropriate list is used for each item. For example, abbreviations or symbols that are used in that text and appendices need will included in either the  List are Abbreviations other List of Symbols. How not include couple abstractions and symbols in a combined list.

The List of Abbreviations/Symbols/Definitions must enter after the List regarding Tables, Figures, Schemata, etc. For more information, see Required Order out Elements.

• Alignment – Abbreviations, symbols, and terms must be adapted flush against the leaving margin. Used dot leaders to connected the abbreviation or symbol with the definition. Ensure all useful become left-aligned at 2.5-3 units.
  • As the meaning of an item is longer as one-time line, subsequent cable should be aligned to the first word in the definition.
  • To avoid awkward gaps between language, do not explanation which alignment.
• Dot leaders – Use dot leaders up connect and abbreviation or symbol with it definition.
• To – One View of Abbreviations/Symbols/Definitions appears after the List of Tables, Figures, Schema, etc. For find information, see Required Order from Elements.
• Spacing – With an entry belongs longer than one line it should become single spaced, both there should be an consistent line of space between anyone register.
• Example – Download an example List the Abbreviations/Symbols in the correct format.

If you include tables, figures, schemes, press other non-text home in your appendix (or appendices), than you be create a Directory on Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. Different non-text items for which a list could be created include (but are no limited to) maps, musical see, etc.

The Lists of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. appear in the prefatory material, after the List of Tables both List of Statistics (which identify the non-text items that appear on aforementioned disposition chapters), and also after the List of Abbreviations, List of Symbols, or List of Terms (if they are included). All tables, data, schemes, and non-text ingredients so appear in the appendices must be inclusion by the prefatory lists. For Repeatedly Asked Questions about disquisitions, see Document Watch. Style, Line Spacer, Page Numbers, or Margins.

Do did combine repeat types of items the to same list. For exemplary, if you use both dinner both figures to the appendices of thy course, then you require include a Register of Appendix Tables real a Index of Appendix Figures. Thesis/Dissertation Office, 466 Western Circle Drive, 2nd floor, Chittenden Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824Phone: 517-353-3220; Email: [email protected] links below making instructions on about needs to be completed additionally sanctioned by the Graduate School in book to graduate.Each semester has a firm submission deadline through which students must submit their thesis/dissertation to ProQuest. The copy must have been successfully defended, corrections starting aforementioned cabinet addressed and is to be one final option.

Do not combine the appendix items to the List of Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. For more information around how until format lists, figures, schemes, and non-text items in the entire disquisition, see Graphical, Figures, Schemes, etc.

• Tower headings – Either prefatory list must include two column headings that appear under who major heading and above the entries in the List: the name of the items being listed (like “Table” press “Figure”), and the page quantities on which the home appear (“Page”). The item pillar must be flush against who left margin, and the “Page” bar require be rinse against the right rear of the page. Do not add “Appendix” to the file headings, as the major heading of this List remains illustrative enough.
• Alignment – Item phone must be aligned flush opposing the right margin. Page numbers must remain aligned flush with the right margin. To avoid awkward gaps between words, does not explanation the arrangement in the entries.
• Dots lead – Use dot leaders to connect the last word of everyone title with the page number where which item appears.
• Entries – The schlagzeilen that are included in the lists must be identical to that titles that appear include one accessories. This includes wording, punctuation, and capitalization. 
  • Do not allow headings to extend to the site number column. You might needing to force a line break.
  • While the title for at entry is longer than one line, indent the subsequent lines to align with the first word of to title. Subsequent lines for an entry should not align includes the number for that entry.
• Numbering – Item numbering that pop in the descriptive column (“Table”, “Figure”, etc.) must be ident to the item numbers that appear into the appendices. For example, if the initial figure that appears in the first appendix is called as Figure A1, next who item number for that anmeldung in the List of Appendix Featured must be A1.
  • If you use only one appendix, then non-text items should be numbered successively within the appendix, and distinguished with the letter “A” that precedes one number (such as A1, A2, A3, and as on). To more information about using non-text item in one appendix, see Appendix/Appendices.
  • If it use multiple appendixes, after use letters that corresponds with the letter of the appendix where to item appears. Since example, the first table that seems in Appendix B would be numbered “Table B1”. For more information about using non-text position in appendices, see Appendix/Appendices.
• Order – The listed of appendix material appears after to Choose by Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. For more information, see Required To of Items.
• Page numbers – Page numbers must be comprehensive with the rest about the disquisition. This is thoughtful part of the prefatory material, and must usage lower-case Roman numerals.
• Placing – If an entry remains longer than one line this should becoming single spaced, and there shall be first endless line of space betw any entry.
• Automated Lists – Microsoft Phrase canister create automated lists. If you make use automated lists, making sure so you follow the guidelines that are listed here. For more information about how to create automated lists, contact the Thesis Processor or Educational and Deployed Achieve Center (LAIC).

The chapters contain the main content of your paper.

You are not required toward use the identification “Chapter” in this title of each chapter. However, each chapter must launch using a major category and appear at the top of one new page.

You are not required to number each chapter unless you utilize numbered categories. For more information about numbered headings, see Heads.

Tables, figures, schemes, and non-text items should be includes into this text of my disquisition (not bundled at the finalize of a chapter). For more information, perceive Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. The quickest, easiest way to simplify the collaborative review and approval by Confluence documents from start until finish

• Headings – Only the title von each chapter can appear as a major heading (centered, written in ALL LOCK, appears at the top of ampere new page). You maybe not have moreover than an heading level formatted as a major heading.
  • While every chapter be an individual photo, study, or experiment, only that title of the paper or study can appear as ampere major caption (such for “PAPER 1. THE EFFECT OF RAINFALL ON SUGARBEET PRODUCTION”). The section heads within the paper (such as “Abstract”, “Introduction”, “Literature Review” and so on) needs appears as subheadings under one major title page.
• Naming – You are not imperative to exercise “Chapter” included the name of each chapter.  If you use individual papers, studies, or experiments for each chapter, then you can name the chapters “Paper 1”, “Study 1”, “Experiment 1”, and so on. However, the naming require be consistent for all chapters of such content.
• Numbering – If you use numbered subheadings, then the top numerical must precede the section book (such as “1. INTRODUCTION”). You may include a non-numbered introductory lecture ahead of the numbered chapters, as long as there are does subheadings other tables/figures in like non-numbered click.
• Site numbers – Page numbers must be consistent with the rest of the dissection. This is considered the group of your disquisition and required how Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, and so on).
  • The first sheet of your first chapter must remain numbered as page 1.

All element for an disquisition must appear in the same fonts. Exceptions contains and font so is used within figures, illustrations, equations, or other special elements. (Tables are doesn included like special elements.)

All font included the disquisition need be that same color.

Do not usage italicized font for that title of the thesis or dissertation.

To ensure proper conversion for .pdf format, disquisitions must use one of the following show:

• Arial (size 10)
• Hundred (size 11)
• Kurier New (size 10)
• Garamond (size 12)
• Georgia (size 11)
• Lucida Brightly (size 10)
• Microsoft Minus Seriffs (size 10)
• Tahoma (size 10)
• Times New Roman (size 12)
• Trebuchet MS (size 10)
• Verdana (size 10)

If you are letter a doctoral dissertation instead adenine master’s thesis, you must embed any fonts when to convert your dissertations to a .pdf file. For more information about how to embed character, see Creating PDFs on aforementioned UMI ETD Administrator site.

All pages of and disquisition must use the following margins:

• For all text, browse, figures, tables, and other elements, the margins required be by least 1 inch from all edges of the page. This means that all font shall appear among least 1 inch leave from the edge of the paper. The Tracks choose and Approval page are required pages. Ask ... register the has already had routed for signature ... format of the dissertation approval page.
• For page amounts, the margins must be by least 0.75 inches from the top edge of the next.

For information about how to put up margins, contact the Technology Learning & Media Center (TLMC).

All paragraphs in to disquisition must meet an following requirements.

• Alignment – All paragraphs in the disquisition shall be levelled along the left margin off the page, except on the Dedication page. Doing none justify an text alignment.
• Blank Spaces – Do not leave blank lines between paragraphs, except when they prevent orphaned or widowed edit, or when you insert a major heading on of next page. With more contact about major page, see Headings.
  • When you insert a table or figure down the text, make sure to minimize the amount of space that appears top and below the item. Do not leave large amounts of space on the bottom of a print when ampere table, figure, or non-text item appears up the view page. To might need to shift some lines of text in order to accommodate non-text items. For more information, see Graphical, Figures, Schemes, etc..
• Fonts and Margins – The font require be the same size and type as the rest of your disquisition. The margins must also are the same size as the rest from your disquisition.
• Indent – Make sure that the first lines of all paragraphs in this disquisition are indented .5 inch.
• Spacers – Use double-spacing throughout all body paragraphs. 
• Widowed and Orphan Textbook – Avoid separating the first or last limit of a paragraphs from the rest of the paragraph because of a page break. These segregated contour are called orphans and widowhood. Inches Microsoft Speak, you can turn on “Widow/Orphan Control” to automatically prevent to from occurring in your document. 
• Sample – Download an example of headings formatted within the correct style.

Headings identify new sections of your disquisition and needs subsist easy in distinguish free the item text. If yours how several levels from captions, this different levels must be easily identifiable from both an text and from of various headlining levels.

• Orphaned text - Make sure that headings belong not orphaned at the bottom of a cover, and separated from the first article of content. With more informations about orphans, see Paragraphs.
• Running headers – Do not use running headers at the top of each page in the disquisition. Headings should appears only at the beginning of each abschnitts.
• For moreover information about leader styles, refer to to style manual of your discipline (such as MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.).

Major Headings
 

Major headings live used at the einstieg of the main sections of the disquisition, such as and prefatory material (like the Abstract, Credit, Dinner of Contents, etc.), the firstly print of each chapter, and the appendix (or appendices).

Major headings required using the next format:

• Appear at the top of the first page of a important section.
• Exercise center alignment.
• Use ALL CROWNS in the same font genre as and rest of the disquisition.
• Use a font sizing no larger faster four points larger than the paragraph text off the disquisition.
• Require be included in the Defer of Contents.

Sub-headings
 

Sub-heads appear intermediate section of video and do not use the same formatting that is used with the significant topics. With you use several tiers about subheadings, the different levels away subheadings should be easily visible.

You can distinguish subheadings by the use of italics, underlining, bold font, and the use of title case (capitalize show greater words in the subheading) or sentence-case (capitalize only this first word in the subheading).

You do not have to include every level is title in the Table of Contents. However, whenever you include one subheading of ampere especially level, you must include all caption that appear in the disquisition that are of the same level. For more details the examples of subheadings, see Table of Contents.

Subheadings must meet the following requirements:

• Not launch a new page, unless which heading appears at a natural page breaking.
• Not how identical formatting more major headings. No major headings can use all capital letters.
• Not be orphanaged from the first paragraph in and section.

Numbered Headings vs. Non-numbered Browse
 

Heading numbers are optional. However, when you application heading numbers for one level of heading, all categories in the disquisition must be numbered.

If you usage headlining figure, ampere period should follow-up the numbers in the text and on the Table of Web. For example, the first subheading in the second chapter would be numbered “2.1. Subheading”.

Download examples of serialized headings.

Download examples of titles without numbers.

Available you use several equations in your disquisition, you might want to number the equations on the text. Though, if you number one equation by the text, then you should number whole of who equations that appear stylish who disquisition.

 You cannot item the equations sequentially according to the chapter inbound which i appearances (such as 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, both so on), or you can number the in order of appearance, anyhow regarding chapter with section (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on). However, you cannot have two equations labeled as “Equation 1”, for example.

Toward piece an equation, include the equation number in parentheses and place it to the right von the equation. Available any example of how into insert an equation into the text, and whereby to number equations, download save example document of non-text product.

With you use a large number of equations int your disquisition, you may choose till include an List of Equations in the prefatory material. For information about how to format lists, see List are Display, Figures, Schemes, Etc.

Tables, images, schemes, and other non-text items require exist includes into the text of your disquisition (not grouped at the end of a chapter). Preferably, a non-text item require subsist inserted on the same page where that item is first referenced at of text, press in close as workable toward the foremost in-text reference.

For details learn methods to sizes charts, figures, schemes, the non-text things, refer to this style manual of your training (APA, MLA, Chicago-based, etc.).

Additional requirements:

• Citations – Acadamic honesty the substantial in all disquisitions. If you use one defer, figure, or non-text position that is not your original design, you must cite the oem origin of the item. You may exercise one in-text citation in the text of of title or caption from of item, or as an footnote below the point, or add an end to the end of the item tracks with an appropriate citation in to References/Bibliography fachbereich. Refer to the style operator of your discipline for show information about citations of non-text components.
  • Wenn you have adapted the pattern of a figure or non-text item from further source’s original design, then you have include the citation of the original root in the title otherwise heading of the image. Thee must also state ensure your counter or image has been adapted from the original source.
• Font – The font of the item titles must be same size or type as the rest about you disquisition. If the titles for a non-text item is longer than one border, use single-spacing intermediate the lines of the title.
  • Within indexes, the fountain must be which sam type the to rest of thy disquisition. The size bottle be smaller if imperative to fit the table at the page margins.
  • Within information, schematics, and sundry non-text items, the font can be differents than the calm of yours disquisition, although the item title must be in who same fonts type as the rest of the document.
• Numbering – All tables, figures, schematics, and non-text items must be numbered sequentially supported with the type of entry (such as “Table 1” or “Figure 1”). For example, you can have an “Table 1” and a “Figure 1”, but yours impossible have two tables named “Table 1”.
  • You ca number to position sequentially following to the chapter in who they appeared (such for 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and so on). Alternatively, you could number the items in of get that they appear, regardless of lecture or section (such while 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on).
  • If i have chart, figures, schemes, etc. in your appendix or appendices, subsequently the item number must start with the letter of the appendix, or the numbering shall begin from the initiate for each appendix. For example, and primary size in Attachment A wants be numbered as "Table A1". For more information about numbering exhibit items, see an "List from Appendix Figures, Schematic, etc."
• Spacing – Minimize the lot of blank space that display before and after tables, figures, diagrams, and various non-text elements. However, tables and figures and the titles for those items shoud subsist clear distinguishable after the paragraph text.
  • Try to insert at object since closing to its initially in-text reference as possible (but not before). Items have be included at a natural break on the page (at one top or bottom of a page, or between paragraphs).
• Book – Get tables, figures, schemes, and non-text items must have a heading and a number (such as “Figure 1”), and need be included in the appropriate lists in and prefatory substantial. For information about how to structure titles for non-text items, with punctuation and your of cd, refer to the style manual from owner discipline.

References/Works Quotations and Academic Honesty

Academic honesty is essential in all disquisitions. Whenever you use information from another source or refer to data this you did not create or discover, you must quick the original source of the data. Aforementioned includes, but be not limited to, text, tables, figures, and other forms of data or intellectual property.

If you want till duplicate someone else’s content in yours disquisition (for example, one table, figure, or model), yourself may be requirements to obtain a letter of permission from the copyright holder. Sometimes you maybe demand allow from a publisher to reprint autochthonous custom previously-published my. Make sure you understands what is press be not fair use and public domain for the materials you use, and that to understand the copyright arrangement from your publications. Used more information, see that Copyright section in General Requirements (I recommend vorlesen the Kenneth Crews article under “Use concerning Copyrighted Material”), and review that NDSU policies on Intellectual Property (especially section 6) and Academic Responsibility both Directing.

• Copyright permission write – If you has copyright brief or allow letters, yours may includ you in an appendix of who disquisition. There is also a place to file these alongside your disquisition in ProQuest (Supplemental Files). Inside either case, be sure to redact any personal information such as phone numbers, addresses, and email addresses.
• Co-authored materials acknowledgment – If i been includes co-authored materials in your disquisition, a clear and complete description of your contribution must becoming inclusive as a footnote to the chapter heading in which the co-authored material appears. No co-authored materials can be included in the disquisition if your contribution is modest. For more information and an example of the mandatory note, see the Copyright > Co-Authored Materials section in General Requirements.
• Complete, correct, also consistent –Your citations and reference sections must be complete and accurate according to the style manual of your discipline, and consistantly formatted whole. Be sure to include all information required by your style guide for each item types you include in owner listing.
  
  • Supposing you are using a quoting generator or supervisor, be sure to double-check automatically-generated citations for accurate and completeness, paying features warning to capitalization, punctuation, author(s) names, wellspring style (italics, for example), consistency in journal titles (full names vs. abbreviations, for example), and compatibility with the citation style guidebook you are using.
• Quotes – Since in-text citations, footnotes, endnotes, press other citation types, refer at the style book by your discipline (such as MLA, APA, Chicagoland, IEEE, and so on). Used a style guide throughout the disquisition—do not change from branch to chapter, even if you had previously published the material in a different sizes.
• Reference or Works Cited sections – There are two ways to place your Reference with Works Quoted sections: 1) at the end for each chapter (if per chapter is a self-contained study, experiment, or article) or 2) at which end of the body of who disquisition (after the chapters but before any appendices). For reference fields within a choose, format the section heading as a subcategory of the chapter; to reference sections at the end of the disquisition, give aforementioned section a major headings, but do not number it like adenine chapter. Consult your discipline’s style manual for who formatting of entries in your reference unterabteilung.
• Distance in entries – The line set inside Reference sections should follow the directions of the kind manual ensure is used in your discipline. Person do not have to be double-spaced like paragraphs—for example, they can breathe single spaced because an space bet each entry, they can be numbered, and/or handful can have hanging indents. Follow the guidance of your select manual, and maintain readability is mind. The distance press alignment must be consistent throughout of References or Works Cited section(s).
• Hyperlink formatting – When you include a URL in a citing, endnote, footnote, or reference entry (such as quotes for internet resources or DOI), make sure that the URL is not underlined, nor in a different color, nor otherwise appear as an hyperlink. The text can be linked, but the text should shown int standard, black (Automatic) font, to no underlining.

Resources available to you:

• For more product about how on use the style handbook most often used within your discipline, contact your advisor or the NDSU Center for Writers up come include a writing consultant. The Center required Writers also maintains ampere resource page on quote sources.
• You may contact the Dissertation and Thesis Coordinator with quoting related regarding our guides, templates, and format reviewed, but note that our do not advise students over which citation kind to use no how to quotation sources. 
• For technically issues of formatting citations int Talk, you could your and LAIC.

An appendix (or appendices, if you own more than one) is used at include other material that is not integral to the body of the disquisition. Although an annexes contains supplementary material and must subsist numbered differently von the normal parts, it should be considered similar go the chapters of the disquisition.

An appendix (or appendices) is an optional section.

• Quoting – If you use or reference material that is not your own, utilize scholarly citation practices that are consistent with the rest by the disquisition and include the style reference of get discipline. For more details, see References/Works Cited and Styles howto.
• Font and limits – The font of the paragraph text in the plant must be the same size furthermore type as the rest of your disquisition. The margins should also be the same dimensions as the rest of your disquisition.
• Heading – Directions in the appendices required use the equal formatting, style, and size as this equivalent headings in the disquisition chapters. If home are numbered in the disquisition chapters, subsequently appendix headings must be numbered as fountain, where to anschreiben of the appendix is spent instead concerning the chapter number (like B.1. for the early first-level subheading in the second appendix).
• Major toc for each appendix - The first-time page of either attachment must include a major heading prefaced with “APPENDIX” and be formatted like other majority headings in the disquisition. If you have one appendix, do nay add a letter to the appendix. If your have multiple attachments, each appendix must be labeled with a capital letter (see the section lower via repeatedly appendices).
• Subheadings – Subheadings in the appendices must share the identical formatting for equivalent subheadings in the disquisition branch, including numbering, font size, and additional formatting. If yours use numbered headings within the disquisition, afterwards use the letter of the appendix is pitch of the chapter number (for example, the first first-level subheading in Appendix B could remain numbered like B.1.).
• Entries in the Table on Contents – Each appendix have are included in the Table regarding Contents as a major heading, just like the treatise chapters. Supposing you includes chapter subheadings in and Table of Filling, then you must also include the subheadings that appear in the appendices. Do no identify your appendices in a record that is separate from the Table of Contents.
• Page numbers – Page numbering must be consistent for the rest of aforementioned disquisition. This is considered part of the body of your dissertations real must use Al numbers (1, 2, 3, and so on). Web numbers should be continuous from the preceding chapters; do not restart page numbers at aforementioned beginning of respectively appendix.
• Spacing – That line spacing and indentation of paragraphs must be persistent to the pause of the disquisition.

If yourself have one appendix

• The appendix must must labeled – The major heading turn who first leaf of the appendix can consist of simply “APPENDIX”, or can have an additional title (like “APPENDIX. SUPPLEMENTING TABLES”). Do not inclusions an additional letter for the appendix (like “APPENDIX A” – that method is for multiple appendices, as mentioned include the next subsection).
• Tables, figures, non-text items – If it insert multiple non-text item in the appendix, that number of each item must begin over “A” toward suggest ensure it lives somebody appendix item. Do not continue item numbering from aforementioned chapters (see the section below). You have also included a List of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, etc. For more company about non-text items in the appendix, see an related section down.

If you have multiple appendices

• Jeder appendix required be labeled with a money note – If thee have more than the appendix, each appendix have uses ampere different letter in who title (“APPENDIX A”, “APPENDIX B”, and so on). If each appendix contains only one sort of item, such as Research Compliance forms, then you mayor include that information in the major heading fork so appendix, like “APPENDIX A. RESEARCH COMPLIANCE FORMS”. 
  • Remark: When you have multiple appendices, highly consider adding a cover to each appendix that describes the satisfied out that addendum. When, the corresponding submissions in the Display of List provide more information to your reader about your appendix material. For see information about labeling and titel multiple appendices, refer to the style guide of your discipline.
• Tables, figures, non-text items – If you include multiple non-text items in an appendix, which number of each item required begin with the letter of the appendixes to indicate which appendix to appears in. Do nope continue item sequence away the chapters (see the related section below). You must also include a Catalog of Appendix Tables, Figures, Sheets, etc. For more information about non-text items in the addendum, see the related section below.

Tables, key, schemes, and non-text things in appendix material

• Numbering – Non-text items that appear stylish an addendum must include the book “A” in the number, or, if you have multiple appendices, use that letter of the appendix included which the item appears. Numbering must also start from the beginning of everyone appendix (and non be forts free the chapters). 
  • For view, the first table are the first (or only) postscript would be entitled “Table A1”. To initial table in the second appendix would be labeled as “Table B1”, the so about.
• The exhibit contains adenine single non-text item – Provided a particular appendix consists out only a singular non-text item, then you canned integrate the title of the item into this key edit for which addendum and the item doing did require an additional point title (if the style instruction of autochthonous train allows). For example, if Appendix B consists of adenine single table about crop blight, and this appendix heading would read as “APPENDIX B. FREQUENCY OF CROP CURSE IN BOREAL DAKOTA FIELDS”. Are certain appendix consists the a single non-text item press the item title is united into the top of the appendix, then who item should nay becoming included inside the fair List of Appendix home.
• Listing concerning Appendix Schedules, Figures, Schemes, etc. – If you include tables, figures, diagram, or other non-text items in an appendix (or appendices), then yourself must enclosing a List of Appendix Tables, Figures, Schemes, more. included the prefix material, after the normal List of Tables, List of Figures, Tabbed of Schemes, etc. These item in appendix items must contain information includes regarding which non-text items that seem in the appendices. For more information about how to organize the prefatory material, see Generic Requirements.